5G NR V2X was designed to complement LTE V2X. While LTE V2X supports basic active safety and traffic control use cases, 5G NR V2X supports advanced use cases and higher levels of automation. Use cases supported by 5G NR V2X include (Table 1):

  1. Vehicle Grouping: This group includes use cases for dynamically creating and managing vehicle groups, where vehicles regularly exchange data to ensure proper operation.
  2. Advanced driving: This group includes use cases that enable semi-automated or fully-automated driving, where vehicles share data obtained from local sensors with nearby surrounding vehicles to increase safety and improve traffic efficiency.
  3. Advanced sensors: This group enables the exchange of sensor data between vehicles, RSUs, pedestrian devices, and V2X application servers to improve environmental perception beyond the perception capabilities of the vehicles' own sensors.
  4. Remote control: This group allows a remote driver or V2X application to control the vehicle. The main use cases are for passengers who cannot drive themselves, for vehicles located in dangerous environments and for complex situations where vehicles cannot safely drive. [G5]

Use Case

Load

Number of messages (message/sec.)

Maximum latency between endpoints

Reliability(%)

Data transfer speed

Required communication range

Grouping of vehicles

50-6000

2-50

10-25

90-99.99

<=65

80-350

Advanced driving

SL: 300-12000 UL: 450

SL: 10-100 UL: 50

10-100

90-99.999

SL: 10-50 UL: 0.25-10 DL:50

360-700

Advanced sensors

1600

10

3-100

90-99.999

10-1000

50-1000

Remote control

1600-41700

33-200

5

99.999

UL: 2-50 DL:1

1000+


Functional requirements for communication technologies to implement V2X connected vehicle use cases include:

  1. Different ways of spreading: Different ways of transmitting messages: Unicast, broadcast, multicast and geocast.
  2. Range of V2X communication with one or more networks: Determines the distance over which V2X communication can take place.
  3. Connection Management: V2X refers to establishing, maintaining and terminating connections between V2X devices.
  4. V2X Message Prioritization: This allows the system to prioritize certain types of messages over others.
  5. Congestion management and retransmission capability: These features enable the system to handle high traffic loads and ensure proper message transmission.

The following are the main categories of V2X use cases and their key performance requirements in terms of reliability, communication delay, and expected data transfer rate per vehicle . Each type of use case describes a specific subset of operations required by a fully collaborative and automated vehicle:

  1. Cooperative awareness: Use cases that provide warning and increase environmental awareness, such as emergency vehicle warning, electronic brake light, etc.
  2. Cooperative Sensing: Use cases that involve the exchange of sensor data and object information that enhance vehicles' perception of the environment.
  3. Cooperative Maneuvering: Use cases that involve coordinating trajectories between vehicles, such as lane changing, grouping, CACC, and cooperative intersection control.
  4. Vulnerable Road User (VRU): Use cases that alert pedestrians, cyclists, etc.
  5. Transport efficiency: Use cases that update routes and dynamic updates of digital maps, such as signal phases and timing (SPAT/MAP), optimal green speed advisory (GLOSA), etc. Remote Controlled Driving: Use cases that allow a remote driver to control the vehicle. [G6]