Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems are a rapidly developing technology that has the potential to revolutionize the transportation industry. V2X technology enables communication between vehicles, infrastructure and other road users, enabling the exchange of information such as traffic conditions, weather and road hazards, and even location-based services. The main goal of V2X communication is to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems by providing drivers, vehicles and infrastructure with real-time information that enables them to make better decisions. V2X can be divided into three main types: Communication between (V2V), communication between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I) and communication between vehicles and pedestrians (V2P). V2V communication allows vehicles to communicate with each other and provide drivers with real-time information such as the presence of other vehicles, their speed and location. This can help drivers make better decisions and avoid collisions. V2I communication allows vehicles to communicate with infrastructure such as traffic lights, road signs and other devices. Drivers can thus obtain real-time information about traffic conditions, road works and other hazards. In addition, V2I communication can provide the infrastructure with real-time information about the presence and movement of vehicles, which can be used to improve traffic flow and reduce traffic congestion. V2P communication allows vehicles to communicate with pedestrians and other road users and provide them with information such as the presence and movement of nearby vehicles. This can help pedestrians and other road users make safer decisions and reduce the risk of accidents.

V2X technology is already used in various applications such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Examples of real-world applications include forward collision warning, lane departure warning, electric emergency braking and more. In addition, V2X technology integrates with 5G networks for more efficient communication and better coverage, which will play a significant role in future transportation. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed, such as security and privacy, standardization and regulations. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of V2X communication systems in terms of technology, real applications and future developments.