Self organizing networks
Self-Organizing Network SON creates a new concept of network management that provides intelligence in network operation and maintenance. It was introduced by 3GPP as a key component of the LTE network. In the 5G era, network densification and dynamic resource allocation will result in new challenges in network coordination, configuration, and management, which brings increased demand for improving SON functions. SON modules in mobile networks can be divided into three main categories: self-configuration, self-optimization and self-repair. The main goal of SON is to automatically perform network planning, configuration and optimization without human intervention[O41]. Information obtained from the network can contribute to understanding the functioning of the network. An important factor in improving network operations is the way this information is collected and analyzed to provide useful and meaningful characteristics. Artificial intelligence tools can help telcos monitor and evaluate network performance because these tools are comprehensive enough to provide a complete and holistic view of the entire network (from the user terminal to the cloud). Growing research interest has led to the use of ML, DL, RL and related tools to make IoT devices and networks smarter and more adaptable to their dynamic environment[O39]. In addition, the emergence of next-generation Internet technologies such as 5G and others further requires the embedding of intelligence into networks. Futuristic real-time applications will be very resource intensive and will need efficient, scalable and ultra-fast resource management solutions. Currently, operators in the 4G era have deployed heterogeneous BSs, including pico-cells (providing high capacity), micro-cells (providing wide coverage for eMBB), and macro-cells (providing even wider coverage for signaling and mMTC services). Artificial intelligence could analyze the requirements of a single emerging service and contribute to the selection of the most suitable access point for the placement of such a service in terms of SE, EE or other more complex criteria. For example, the UI could create UE-specific policies so that some UEs could connect to a pico BS for more throughput, while some UEs could connect to a macro BS to maintain basic information exchange[O42].